Real Wages, ExplainedWhat your salary is actually worth where you live
Every salary table on Wage Atlas has a Real Wages toggle. This page explains what it does, where the data comes from, and why the same paycheck buys more in some states than others.
Nominal vs. real wages
A nominal wage is the dollar figure on your paycheck — the number employers advertise and the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes. It says nothing about what those dollars buy.
A real wage adjusts that figure for local prices, so salaries in different places can be compared fairly. A $100,000 offer in San Francisco and a $100,000 offer in Memphis are the same nominal wage but very different standards of living.
What is Regional Price Parity (RPP)?
The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis measures how much everything — housing, groceries, services — costs in each state relative to the national average, and publishes the result as Regional Price Parities. The national average is set to 100. A state at 110 is 10% more expensive than average; a state at 90 is 10% cheaper.
To convert a nominal wage into real purchasing power, we divide by the local RPP and multiply by 100:
real wage = nominal wage × (100 ÷ RPP)
Worked example: California's RPP is 110.7, so a $100,000 salary there is worth $90,318 in national purchasing power. The same salary in Mississippi (RPP ~87) is worth about $114,943 — the cheaper state effectively gives you a raise.
Because the United States as a whole is the baseline (RPP = 100), real and nominal wages are identical on national pages — that's why the Real Wages toggle is greyed out there. It comes alive on state pages, where the comparison is meaningful.
Cost of living by state (2024 RPP)
Sorted from most to least expensive. "Real value of $100k" shows what a $100,000 salary is worth in national purchasing power in each state. Click a state to explore its top-paying occupations.
| State | RPP | vs. U.S. average | Real value of $100k |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | 110.7 | +10.7% | $90,318 |
| Hawaii | 110.0 | +10.0% | $90,950 |
| District of Columbia | 109.9 | +9.9% | $90,991 |
| New Jersey | 108.8 | +8.8% | $91,908 |
| New York | 107.9 | +7.9% | $92,660 |
| Washington | 107.0 | +7.0% | $93,447 |
| Massachusetts | 105.8 | +5.8% | $94,556 |
| Maryland | 105.0 | +5.0% | $95,275 |
| New Hampshire | 104.2 | +4.2% | $96,002 |
| Connecticut | 103.6 | +3.6% | $96,516 |
| Florida | 103.4 | +3.4% | $96,699 |
| Oregon | 103.4 | +3.4% | $96,748 |
| Colorado | 103.1 | +3.1% | $97,038 |
| Alaska | 102.4 | +2.4% | $97,695 |
| Rhode Island | 102.3 | +2.3% | $97,771 |
| Virginia | 101.1 | +1.1% | $98,908 |
| Arizona | 100.7 | +0.7% | $99,328 |
| Nevada | 100.0 | −0.0% | $100,021 |
| Illinois | 100.0 | −0.0% | $100,042 |
| Delaware | 99.8 | −0.2% | $100,192 |
| Utah | 98.9 | −1.1% | $101,149 |
| Minnesota | 98.6 | −1.4% | $101,398 |
| Vermont | 98.0 | −2.0% | $102,085 |
| Pennsylvania | 97.6 | −2.4% | $102,488 |
| Texas | 97.1 | −2.9% | $103,032 |
| Maine | 97.0 | −3.0% | $103,040 |
| Georgia | 96.3 | −3.7% | $103,850 |
| Michigan | 96.2 | −3.8% | $103,932 |
| Idaho | 95.5 | −4.5% | $104,719 |
| Montana | 94.6 | −5.4% | $105,658 |
| North Carolina | 94.3 | −5.7% | $106,015 |
| Wisconsin | 94.1 | −5.9% | $106,276 |
| South Carolina | 93.7 | −6.3% | $106,668 |
| Indiana | 93.3 | −6.7% | $107,148 |
| Ohio | 92.8 | −7.2% | $107,789 |
| Wyoming | 92.7 | −7.3% | $107,885 |
| New Mexico | 92.2 | −7.8% | $108,446 |
| Tennessee | 91.9 | −8.1% | $108,849 |
| Missouri | 90.8 | −9.2% | $110,112 |
| Kentucky | 90.2 | −9.8% | $110,915 |
| Nebraska | 90.1 | −9.9% | $110,984 |
| Kansas | 90.1 | −9.9% | $111,027 |
| West Virginia | 89.5 | −10.5% | $111,736 |
| North Dakota | 89.0 | −11.0% | $112,411 |
| Alabama | 88.8 | −11.2% | $112,583 |
| South Dakota | 88.6 | −11.4% | $112,885 |
| Louisiana | 88.2 | −11.8% | $113,370 |
| Oklahoma | 87.8 | −12.2% | $113,839 |
| Iowa | 87.8 | −12.2% | $113,945 |
| Mississippi | 87.0 | −13.0% | $115,005 |
| Arkansas | 86.9 | −13.1% | $115,026 |
Where the data comes from
Wages come from the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program. Regional Price Parities come from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, which publishes them once a year in December; Wage Atlas ingests the new release automatically, so the Real Wages toggle always uses the latest available index.
Try it yourself: open Software Developer salaries in California and flip the Real Wages toggle, or compare every state at once on Best States.
For a deeper walkthrough of comparing job offers across locations — including where the RPP adjustment breaks down — read Cost of Living vs. Salary or see our full methodology.